Soil Health Primer
When we created the first NoRegrets website in 2018, one of our main goals was to highlight the significance of soil as a carbon sink that could be important in climate mitigation. At the time, conversations around healthy soils, regenerative agriculture, and climate change were relatively rare. We created a primer to share many of the resources that we knew of about healthy soil, which we had been unable to find anywhere else. Our target audience was philanthropists and investors because of the small amount of funding that was flowing into the space.
There are now many websites, films, networks, and organizations educating people about the importance of healthy soils and nature-based carbon sinks. Thanks to this good work, we've archived our Soil Health Primer but have kept it as a time-capsule to peer back at.
Soil is complex, and beautiful. We have learned about soil over time, through relationships and experience. It’s an evolving science, with new information frequently emerging. We designed this Soil Health Primer to take you on a journey through the philosophy, relationships and ecosystem of soil.
How to use this resource: This primer begins with philosophy and gets increasingly specific about the ecosystem as it proceeds. You can use the table of contents below to skip around, or you can read it all the through. Either way, we hope you find it useful.
The Philosophy
Embracing Complexity
Read these first:
- Margaret Wheatley and Deborah Frieze — Lifecycle of Emergence: Using Emergence to Take Social Innovation to Scale (PUBLICATION)
- Harvard Business Review — Embracing Complexity
Dive further:
- Guardian — How do you go about embracing complexity? It’s complicated
- Mindwalk (MOVIE)
- Discussion of Descartes (MOVIE CLIP)
- Discussion of Interconnected Systems & Our Crisis of Perception (MOVIE CLIP)
- A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System: Ch. 6 -- The U.S. Food and Agriculture System as a Complex Adaptive System (BOOK)
- PDF Version of Book
- Sustainable Agriculture Volume 2: Adaptiveness to Enhance the Sustainability of Farming Systems (See comparative chart on pg 47)
- Systems Research for Agriculture Innovative Solutions to Complex Challenges (BOOK)
- Reinventing Organizations (BOOK)
- [PDF] Donella Meadows — Systems Thinking: A Primer (BOOK)
- Donella Meadows — Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System
- Enspiral — 5 Reasons to Build a Network of Small Groups, Rather than a Mass Movement of Individuals
- Ecosystem Services and Beyond: Using Multiple Metaphors to Understand Human-Environment Relationships — Raymond et al (2013)
- Video Clip
- Article (See Chart on pg 14)
- Duplicate Article
Why So Urgent? The 25-Year Time Horizon
Read these first:
- The Nature Conservancy — The Next 25 Years
- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change — Nations Take Forward Global Climate Action at 2016 UN Climate Conference World Leaders Issue Proclamation Underlining ‘Irreversible’ Momentum
Dive further:
- Newsweek — Climate Change Could Cause Half A Million Deaths in 2050, Due to Reduced Food Availability
- Washington Post — Food scarcity caused by climate change could cause 500,000 deaths by 2050, study suggests
- The Lancet — Global and regional health effects of future food production under climate change: a modelling study
- Guardian — More than half a million could die as climate change impacts diet — report
- Independent — Most people alive today set to witness dangerous global warming in their lifetime, scientists warn: Average temperature could rise to two degrees Celsius above the norm by 2050 or ‘even sooner’
- WHO — Climate change and health
What Is Sustainability?
Read these first:
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe — Sustainable development — concept and action
- Agricultural Sustainability Institute at UC Davis — What is Sustainable Agriculture?
Dive further:
- Daniel Christian Wahl — Distinguishing between quantitative and qualitative growth
- UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform
- Carol Sanford — What is Regeneration? Part 4 — Singularity
- Center for EcoLiteracy — Applying Ecological Principles
What is biodiversity?
Read these first:
- UN Convention on Biological Diversity — What is Biodiversity?
- UN Convention on Biological Diversity: — Can farming affect biodiversity?
Dive further:
- FAO — Agriculture and Soil Biodiversity
- Rainforest Conservation Fund — Biodiversity
- Eniscuola Energy and Environment — Biodiversity
What are the consequences of declining biodiversity?
Read these first:
- University of Michigan — Ecosystem effects of biodiversity loss could rival impacts of climate change, pollution
- Harvard — Sustaining Life: How Our Health Depends on Biodiversity
Dive further:
- Harvard — Biodiversity & Human Health
- University of Alaska Fairbanks — Decreasing biodiversity affects productivity of remaining plants
What are the benefits of thriving biodiversity?
Read these first:
- ScienceDaily — Diverse soil communities can help offset impacts of global warming (ARTICLE)
- CivilEats — Mapping the Benefits of Farm Biodiversity (ARTICLE)
Dive further:
- Nature: Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (ARTICLE)
- Routledge Handbook of Agricultural Biodiversity (BOOK)
What is organic?
Read these first:
- FAO — What is Organic Agriculture?
- Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education — What is Organic Farming?
Dive further:
Regenerative Agriculture
Read these first:
- Rodale Institute -- Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Climate Change A Down-to-Earth Solution to Global Warming
- Scientific American — 3 Big Myths about Modern Agriculture
Dive further:
- Why Regenerative Agriculture
- Regeneration of Our Lands: A Producer’s Perspective | Gabe Brown
- Terra Genesis International — Levels of Regenerative Agriculture
- Terra Genesis International — Learning Portal
- Regeneration International -- Educational Facebook Videos, Youtube Videos and Youtube Playlists
- Regeneration International — Andre Leu, President of IFOAM — Organics International and Regeneration International Steering Committee Member talks about the importance of regenerative agriculture (VIDEO)
- Rodale Institute — Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Climate Change (VIDEO)
- HuffPost — Regenerative Agriculture and the Dawn of Planetary Engineering
- Guardian — We need regenerative farming, not geoengineering
- A transition from agriculture to regenerative food systems
- Regenerative Food Systems (contents/excerpt)
- Resilience — Regenerative Agriculture: The Transition
- The Healing Power of Regenerative Organic Agriculture
- Regenerative Agriculture Sector Accelerator (RASA) — The RASA Book List & Reader
- Regenerative Agriculture with Ethan Roland Soloviev (Podcast Interview)
- The ever evolving definition of Regenerative Agriculture
- Regenerative Agriculture Redefined
Regenerative Business Economics
Read these first:
- Harvard Business Review — The 7 Laws of Regenerative Enterprises
- Capital Institute — Regenerative Capitalism: How Universal Principles And Patterns Will Shape Our New Economy
- TED — Michael Porter: Why business can be good at solving social problems (VIDEO)
Dive further:
- Guardian — Beyond capitalism and socialism: could a new economic approach save the planet?
- Capital Institute — Regenerative Capitalism (VIDEO)
- Carol Sanford
- The Business of Being Regenerative
- Regenerative Business Design by Terra Genesis — Kiss The Ground (VIDEO)
- 8 Forms of Capital and Nutrients for All (VIDEO)
- Appleseed Permaculture — 8 Forms of Capital
- Resilience — Permaculture and the 8 Forms of Capital (Podcast Interview)
- 2015 International Permaculture Conference — The 8 Forms of Capital (VIDEO)
- Ethan Roland — What permaculture can teach us about prosperity (PODCAST)
- At the Intersection of Money and Meaning (VIDEO)
- The Regrarians Platform®
- Greenhorns — Regenerative Enterprise
- Forbes — Best Practices — Aren’t
- Harvard Business Review — Research: Why Best Practices Don’t Translate Across Cultures
- 50 by 50 — Learning + Design Session: The Role of Impact Investors in Taking Employee Ownership to Scale
- Kellogg Foundation — The Business Case for Racial Equity
- Terra Genesis International — Regenerative Enterprise: 4 Years Later
- 8 Forms of Capital and Nutrients for All (VIDEO)
- Appleseed Permaculture — 8 Forms of Capital
- Resilience — Permaculture and the 8 Forms of Capital (Podcast Interview)
- 2015 International Permaculture Conference — The 8 Forms of Capital (VIDEO)
- Regenerative Agriculture with Ethan Roland Soloviev (Podcast Interview)
- Harvard Business Review — Creating Shared Value, an HBR interview with Michael Porter (1/2) (VIDEO)
- Harvard Business Review — Creating Shared Value, an HBR interview with Michael Porter (2/2) (VIDEO)
- Deloitte — Introduction: Business ecosystems come of age
- Business Model Canvas & Value Proposition Canvas (VIDEO)
Soil Project Investment Exit Pressures and Medium to Long Term Viability
Read these first:
- Acumen — What is Patient Capital? (VIDEO)
- Patient Capital in an Impatient World
Dive further:
- Forbes — Investor, Activist Seeks To ‘Transform Finance’ For Good (VIDEO)
- Transform Finance — The Transformative Finance Principles
- LIFT Economy — Andrea Armeni: Transforming Finance To Finance Transformation (PODCAST)
- Mission Investors Exchange — Essentials of Impact Investing: A Guide for Small-staffed Foundations
- The Working World: Funding Co-ops with Non-Extractive Capital
- The Working World — The Peer Network is the movement infrastructure for non-extractive finance
- Jacqueline Novogratz: Patient Capitalism (VIDEO)
- Entrepreneur — Raising "Patient Capital" for Your Business How to attract funding from people who don’t expect an immediate return
- ‘Patient’ Capital In Social Entrepreneurship
The Relationship
Regenerative Agriculture: More Land Stewards Making Real Livings
Read these first:
- Guardian — Smallholder farmers are the new global food frontier
- FAO — Factsheet: Smallholders and Family Farmers
Dive further:
- The Permaculture Podcast — Farm School with Miriam Volat
- 50 by 50 — Learning + Design Session: The Role of Impact Investors in Taking Employee Ownership to Scale
- Washington Post — Small vs. large: Which size farm is better for the planet?
- HuffPost — Agroecology and industrial farming: leveling the playing field
- The People’s Farm: Visualizing the Future Potential of UC Berkeley’s Gill Tract as an Agroecological Living Laboratory & Guided Tour (VIDEO)
- FAO — Coping with the food and agriculture challenge: smallholders’ agenda
- UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food — Right to Food
- UN Food security and nutrition and sustainable agriculture
Social Diversity: How Does It Relate to Soil Diversity?
Read these first:
- Soil & Shadow, Food First, and Carbon Cycle Institute — Healthy Soil, Healthy Communities: Opportunities to Advance Environmental Justice and Soil Carbon Sequestration (PUBLICATION)
- Tending a garden is not different from tending a life (VIDEO)
Dive further:
- Food First — Cultivating Gender Justice
- Civil Eats — 6 Food and Farming Success Stories From Native Communities
Why is it important for people and animals to stay on the land?
Read these first:
- Food First — Land Grabs Versus Land Sovereignty
- Guardian — Industrial farming is one of the worst crimes in history
Dive further:
- BBC — Stampeding buffalo are returning to Canada (VIDEO)
- Grist — The disturbing lack of black organic farmers
- Native American Natural Foods — Buffalo Returns (VIDEO)
- BBC — Stampeding buffalo are returning to Canada (VIDEO)
- HuffPost — #BlackWealthMatters: The 5 Largest U.S. Landowners Own More Land Than All of Black America Combined
- Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education (SARE) — Land and Power: Sustainable Agriculture and African Americans
- (Historical) Journal of Farm Economics — Who Owns the Agricultural Land in the United States?
- Modern Farmer — So, How Much Land is Foreign Held?
- Via Campesina — Black farmers’ lives matter: Defending African-American land and agriculture in the deep south
- Food First — Unbroken Connection to the Land
- Food First — Land Loss and Racism in North Carolina: The Story of Eddie and Dorothy Wise
- Food First — More Than a Bingo Hall: A Story of Mashpee Land, Food, and Sovereignty
- Black Land Project — Black/Land Stories
- Land for Good: A Landowner’s Guide to Leasing Land for Farming
- New England Farm Leasing Tutorial -- See module 2 (pages 5-9)
Future of Agriculture: According to Practitioners
Read these first:
- US News & World Report — The Rapidly Aging U.S. Farmer
- Wageningen University — A farmer’s perspective on the future of agriculture: local innovations in a changing world
Dive further:
- Involving Youth in Conservation Agriculture for a Sustainable Future- A Farmer’s perspective
- TED — Mark Jackson: A personal story about farming and the future of agriculture (VIDEO)
- National Farmers Union — Climate Column
- The Farm Incubator Toolkit:Growing the Next Generation of Farmers
- Cornell — The Seed Farm Grows Next Generation of Farmers
Stories: Communities Being Rebuilt Through Regenerative Practices
Read these first:
- Native American Natural Foods — Buffalo Returns (VIDEO)
- Yes! Magazine — After a Century In Decline, Black Farmers Are Back And On the Rise
Dive further:
- One Hundred Thousand Beating Hearts (VIDEO)
- Carol Sanford — Regenerative Impact Investing (VIDEO)
- Yes! Magazine — The Color of Food: How Gardens and Farms Can Help Us Heal From a History of Racism
- Laura Flanders Show — Soul Fire Farm: Feeding the Soul, Growing Community (VIDEO)
- Laura Flanders Show — Free The Land: Shirley Sherrod and Black Land Struggles in the South (VIDEO)
- Laura Flanders Show -- The Arc of Justice Trailer — (VIDEO)
- The Splendid Table — To fight a food desert, this Dallas college turned its football field into a farm (Podcast Interview)
- Grassroots Economic Organizing — Black Food Sovereignty Urban, Rural and International Connections
- Ex-NFL star finds new passion in farming (VIDEO)
- Males to Men | Dre Taylor & Males to Men (VIDEO)
- Growing Power — A Model for Urban Agriculture (VIDEO)
- Will Allen On Urban Farming (VIDEO)
- Alternative agrifood projects in communities of color: A civic engagement perspective
- A guerilla gardener in South Central LA (VIDEO)
Enhancing the Social, Economic, and Ecological landscape through land management decisions
Read these first:
- Food First — Race and Corporate Power in the US Food System: Examining the Farm Bill
- M. Kat Anderson: Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California’s Natural Resources
Dive further:
- Tending the Wild — Kat Anderson (Book)
- Reviews:
- Christopher Nyerges discusses "Tending the Wild" by M. Kat Anderson (VIDEO)
- Weston A. Price Foundation — Book Review
- Reviews:
- Ensia — Urban Farming is Booming, But What Does It Really Yield?: The benefits of city-based agriculture go far beyond nutrition
- Civil Eats — Why Food Belongs in Our Discussions of Race
- The Now Age Press — Now Age Conversations: "The Justice of Food" with Karen Washington
- Yes! Magazine — The Color of Food: How Gardens and Farms Can Help Us Heal From a History of Racism
- CounterPunch — Black Farmers’ Lives Matter
- Race Forward — GOOD FOOD AND GOOD JOBS FOR ALL: Challenges and Opportunities to Advance Racial and Economic Equity in the Food System
- UC Berkeley — The Farm Bill Report: Corporate Power and Structural Racialization in the US Food System
- Movement Generation — Ecological Revolution
- WhyHunger — What Ferguson Means for the Food Justice Movement
- Food First — Black Agrarianism: Resistance
- Food First — Survival Pending Revolution: What the Black Panthers can teach the US food movement
- HuffPost — The Black Panther Party: A Food Justice Story
- Food First — Everyone is Downstream
- Food First — The Roots of Black Agrarianism
- Food First — Backgrounder: Dismantling Racism in the Food System
- Food First — Racism and capitalism: Dual challenges for the food movement
- Food First — Ground Shaking? Assessing the FAO’s 2015 International Year of Soils
- Inter-Institutional Network for Food, Agriculture, and Sustainability (INFAS) — Preamble & Statement on Equity in the Food System
- National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition (NSAC) — NSAC Statement on Racial Equity
- National Young Farmers Coalition — Ending Violence Against People of Color in Food and Farming
- Michigan State University — An Annotated Bibliography on Structural Racism Present in the U.S. Food System: Fourth Edition
- SAEA 2016 Conference Decolonizing Foodways Symposium (VIDEO)
- WhyHunger — Facilitating Change in the Food Justice Movement
Regional Momentum and Community
Read these first:
- Impact Investing for Rural Wealth Creation: Investing for financial returns and community impact
- 7 Paths to Development That Bring Neighborhoods Wealth, Not Gentrification
Dive further:
- Excerpt from Next Economy Now podcast interview series — Marjorie Kelly: Democratizing the Economy from the Ground Up
- The Learning/Action Lab for Community Wealth Building
- WealthWorks
- Keeping Wealth Local: Shared Ownership and Wealth Control For Rural Communities
Diverse Ownership
Read these first:
- Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution
- Worker Equity in Food and Agriculture: Practices at the 100 Largest and Most Influential U.S. Companies
The Ecosystem
Basics of Soil Health
Read these first:
- Healthy soil is the real key to feeding the world
- Kiss the Ground — Cover Cropping to build soil health with Jeff Borum (VIDEO)
Dive further:
- Singing Frogs Farm — Singing the Praises of Compost (VIDEO)
- NRCS Adopts Holistic Management
Increasing Biodiversity: Polyculture! (Not Monoculture)
Read these first:
- UN Press Release: Take ‘mosaic’ approach to agriculture, boost support for small farmers, UNCTAD Report urges
- Perennial versus Annual -- Prospects for Developing Perennial Grain Crops
Dive further:
- The Silent Time Bomb on Your Plate — When Will Your Moment of Truth Arrive?
- La Loma Via’s Life in Syntropy (VIDEO)
- From Garden to Forest (VIDEO)
- Agenda Gotsch (Ernst Gotsch) (VIDEO)
- HuffPost — How Ecological Intensification Can Feed the World
- Resilience — The Oil We Eat: Following the Food Chain Back to Iraq
- Stephen R. Gleissman & Miguel A Altieri — Polyculture cropping has advantages
- Cornell — Designing Polycultures for the Garden
Building Soil: Crop Rotation
Read these first:
- Union of Concerned Scientists — Healthy Farm Practices: Crop Rotation and Diversity
- European Commission — Increasing diversity through crop rotation boosts soil microbial biodiversity and productivity
Dive further:
- ScienceDirect — The impact of crop rotation on soil microbial diversity: A meta-analysis
- PubMed — Crop rotational diversity enhances belowground communities and functions in an agroecosystem
- Michigan State University — Crop Rotation Study Shows Positive Impact on Long-Term Land Sustainability
- Crop Species Diversity Changes in the United States: 1978-2012
Building Soil: Holistic Management and Rotational Grazing
Read these first:
- How to green the world’s deserts and reverse climate change | Allan Savory (VIDEO)
- Richard Teague — Adaptive Multi-Paddock Grazing (ARTICLE), and here’s the peer-reviewed article for a deeper look.
Dive further:
- Allan Savory — Holistic Management, Third Edition: A Commonsense Revolution to Restore Our Environment (BOOK)
- BBC — Stampeding buffalo are returning to Canada (VIDEO)
- Native American Natural Foods — Buffalo Returns (VIDEO)
- Peter Byck Short Films (VIDEOS):
General Practices for Increasing Biodiversity
Read these first:
- FAO — Practices that influence the amount of organic matter
- Sustainable Ag Educations & Research — Building Soil Fertility and Tilth With Cover Crops
Dive further:
- Cornell — Soil Organic Matter Fact Sheet
- Increasing water infiltration, Keyline Design on Slopes — (VIDEO Demonstration)
- No-Till — Dr. Elaine Ingham — Soil Food Web (VIDEO)
- Professor Kate Scow (UC Davis) — Assessing the economic and social value of soil biodiversity (VIDEO)
- Does agricultural crop diversity enhance soil microbial biomass and organic matter dynamics? A meta-analysis
- CalCAN — Farming for Success in the 21st Century: Increasing Biodiversity
- Strategies for increasing biodiversity, thus improving terroir quality
- Biodiversity Change and Human Health: From Ecosystem Services to Spread of Disease (BOOK)
- Closing the knowledge gap: How the USDA could tap the potential of biologically diversified farming systems
- Investing in the transition to sustainable agriculture
Beyond Organic: Agroecology/Agroforestry
Read these first:
- Food First — Agroecology: A Path to Realizing the Right to Food
- Miguel Altieri: Why is agroecology the solution to hunger and food security? (VIDEO)
Dive further:
- Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems (duplicate)
- Who will Feed us in a planet in crisis?
- Food First — World Hunger: Ten Myths
- Guardian — Permaculture in Malawi: using food forests to prevent floods and hunger
- From Garden to Forest (VIDEO)
- Permaculture — from forest to farm | Clea Chandmal (VIDEO)
- Kiss the Ground — Mark Shepard, regenerative farmer (VIDEO)
- USDA National Agroforestry Center
Beyond Organic: Permaculture
Read these first:
- Living With The Land | Part 3 | Farming with Nature (VIDEO)
- Planning for Permanence with Yeomans’ Keyline Scale
Dive further:
- Design Philosophy/methodology
- Keyline Design
- Planning for Permanence with Yeomans’ Keyline Scale
- Soil, Water & Carbon for Every Farm Building Soils, Harvesting Rainwater, Storing Carbon
- The Keyline Plan
- The Challenge of Landscape: The Development and Practice of Keyline Applicable to Ecological, Social, and Economic Systems
- Keyline Designs Website
- WikiMapia (Interactive Tool)
- The City Forest: The Keyline Plan for the Human Environment Revolution
- Keyline and Fertile Futures
- Geographical and Topographical Basis of Keyline
Soil and Climate-Change Mitigation, Adaptation, and Reversal
Read these first:
- Keith Paustian: Technical Potential of Soil Carbon Sequestration — https://www.breakthroughstrategiesandsolutions.com/resources
- Project Drawdown — Solutions
Dive further:
- Michael Pollan at 2014 New York Times Food for Tomorrow Conference — Keynote: The Great Challenge: Farming, Food and Climate Change (VIDEO)
- Regeneration International — Live interview @ the United Nations FAO HQ for the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon, Carbon Loss VS Carbon Sequestration with Rattan Lal and Tom Crowther (VIDEO)
- Duplicate on YouTube (VIDEO)
- Yale — Soil as Carbon Storehouse: New Weapon in Climate Fight?
- Permaculture Magazine — Regenerative Organic Agriculture Can Reverse Climate Change
- Ethan Roland — Carbon Farming (VIDEO)
- Kiss The Ground — The Soil Story (VIDEO)
- Stemple Creek Farm & Strauss Dairy Farm — Cows, Compost, and Carbon (VIDEO)
- FoodTank — How Homeowners Can Help Restore Carbon
- Lal — Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security (duplicate)
- SF Chronicle — A sprinkle of compost helps rangeland lock up carbon
- Regeneration International — The Carbon Underground: Reversing Global Warming
- The Carbon Ranch: Fighting Climate Change One Acre at a Time
- HuffPost — Nature Wants Her Carbon Back
- National Geographic — How Africans Are Saving Their Own Soil
- Science Nordic — Charcoal makes African soil more fertile and productive
- Project Drawdown — Solutions
- Summary By Rank: Plausible Scenarios vs Optimum Scenarios
- Ag-related Solutions:
Co-Benefits of Increasing Soil Health
Read these first:
- Rodale (1994): Why Soil Health Matters
- Soil Quality
Dive further:
- Soil Health
- Soil Health Benefits for Sustaining Crop Production
- NRCS Soil Health (VIDEO)
- The Science of Soil Health: Going Deeper
- Benefits of a Healthy Soil
- Increase Water holding capacity
- What is it?
- How does soil health increase Water Holding Capacity (and vice versa)?
- Increase Drought Tolerance/Resistance of Soil
- Increase Yield
- Reduce/eliminate use of toxic agrochemicals
- Decreased erosion
- Increased soil structure
- Increase in Diversity and biomass of soil organisms (flora/fauna)
- Increase in niche habitats
Soil Health Monitoring Metrics, Mechanisms, Techniques and Laymen Accessible Practices
Read these first:
- Soil Assessment Methods
- National Academies Press — Monitoring and Managing Soil Quality
Dive further:
- Soil Health Glossary
- UC Santa Cruz — Managing Soil Health
- Cornell — Soil Health Management
- Cornell — Soil Health Assessment
- An Integrated Soil Health Framework for California
- Soil health in agricultural systems
- FAO — Soil Health
- FAO — Assessment and monitoring biodiversity
- Microorganisms as indicators of soil health
- Soil Quality Monitoring Programs: A Literature Review — Appendix
- Tools and systems for assessing soil health
- Review of soil health activities and evaluation methods in the Goulburn Broken Catchment
- Establishing Farmers’ Understanding of Soil Health for the Future Development of ‘User-Friendly’ Soil Monitoring Packages